Organizational performance has a crucial effect on the other activities in organization. So the methods and techniques of real performance evaluation are always the key issues in organizational and academic researches. On the other hand because of the responsibility of DEA models –especially in performance evaluation and productivity measurement –many researches at different scientific areas have been developed around this topic. Also the key role of insurance industry in development of countries indicates the importance of performance evaluation in branches of insurance companies. So, the evaluation of the branches of insurance companies and studying and comparing their qualitative and quantitative performances is a major step in their improvement. In this regard, we have dealt with explaining a model for evaluating the performance of the insurance branches using data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Macro model for Photo catalytic sensor (PCS) proposed by Whig et. al in 2014 has great advantage as it overcomes several problems like complex designing, non-linearity and long computation time found in the FIA analysis. In this paper, Implementation and comparison with simulation results of novel PCS is presented. For process characterization, current- voltage characteristics of MOSFET test devices simultaneously implemented have been measured for gate –source voltages from -5v to 5V. These were found to be N- Channel NMOS devices indicating the similar behaviour for PCS’s. The transfer characteristic of PCS has been evaluated by drawing its Ids –Vgs characteristics, after immersion in standard buffer solutions and applying the gate-source voltage through reference electrode. From these transfer characteristic the sensitivity of PCS has been determined by finding the gate-source voltage necessary to ensure constant Ids, Vds condition. Technological shortcomings of this work have also been pointed out, and necessary remedial have been suggested in the later part of the paper. The real implementation of PCS has been done in VLSI Lab at Rajastan Insitiute of Technology, Jaipur(India). Experimental results are included to validate the results. The results of simulation were found to be fairly in agreement with the real implementation. The results exhibited near linear variations of parameters of interest with appreciably reduced response time.
This study researched on the causes, current effects and potential implication of the debt crisis of developing countries. Two developing countries, Pakistan and Bangladesh selected from Asia which are tested in terms of sustainability of their debts. The debt crisis found as a result of factors including inflation, investment and exports. Most of the economies of underdeveloped countries have fallen into double dip recession. Developing Economies with sever debt distress have moved deeper in inflation and are caught into downward twisting dynamics from high external debt and internal debts. Economic growth of most of under developing countries has decelerated internal confronts and external defenselessness. Economies of under developed countries are going through another round of rough territories. Right after an economic havoc that originated in the Asia, the Developing economy is experiencing debt crisis
The purpose of the research is to analyze the mind-set and perception of Pakistani customers towards the internet ads and also finding their purchase routines through on the internet ads. The estimated online audiences have reached 25 million in the country through internet and cell phone net providers. The literature suggests a positive ATOA further has a positive influence on consumer responses. To test the speculation and to find the mind-set of the customers towards the internet promotion, a self-administrated set of questions was produced with five likert range which range from highly don\'t accept to highly believe the fact. The information is gathered from the 4 big places of Pakistan e.g. Multan, Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. These aspects are enjoyment, information seeking, reliability, economic system, lifestyle, value crime, ad mess and objective obstacle. Results expose that there is an important regards between the ATOA and the actions Results also recommend that ATOA positively and considerably predicted internet ad clicking and exposed online buying frequency. The results conclude that, Karachi being the metropolitan city of Pakistan shows most significant results where the consumers tend to have online advertisements more. One other major city of Pakistan, Islamabad shoes that the value crime is more in Islamabad as compared to other cities of Pakistan. The students have more beneficial mind-set towards the internet advertisings. The above conversation also indicates that responses towards social networking advertising impact consumers’ ad clicking actions that in turn impacts their online purchasing actions.
Relationship marketing and customer relationship management have taken a central position in marketing strategy in the past two decades. Most theories of relationship marketing emphasize the role of trust and commitment on customer purchase intention however a recent meta-analysis indicates that other mediating mechanisms are at work. This research is in addition to trust & commitment, which other mediators generate positive word of mouth & results in increased customer purchase intention. In research self-administered 250 questionnaires with seven points likert scale was developed & distributed among five big cities of Pakistan e.g. Multan, Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad & Karachi. Data was collected from consumers of five telecom operators e.g. Telenor, Mobilink, Warid, Ufone & Zong. For analysis of ten hypotheses of this paper Regression analysis and ANOVA technique are used. As probability systematic sampling technique is used for data collection there is no risk associated with sampling & data collection. As a result we propose that gratitude is an important missing mediator in the extant of RM model. We proposes to develop & validate a theoretical framework that integrates gratitude in RM network parallel to trust & commitment which results in positive word of mouth & increased purchase intention. This study is limited to telecom sector only, it’s a cross sectional study. This research is valid for the culture & economic set up of Pakistan.
We are living in an era which information is the main resource for organizational effectiveness and key to the ability of the organization to respond to change and to achieve the competitive advantage. In this highly competitive era, information personnel evaluation plays a crucial role in the future development of the organization. Personnel evaluation has been widely studied by a large number of research institutions, and is an important aspect of human resources management. MCDM has been identified as an essential technique in the personnel evaluation process. The goal of MCDM is to select an appropriate option from a set of feasible alternatives with respect to the features of all predefined attributes. For personnel evaluation we proposed a hybrid fuzzy MCDM model. Fuzzy worst-case and entropy methods are used to get weights of criteria, while fuzzy TOPSIS is utilized to rank the alternatives. The weights obtained from fuzzy worst-case and entropy methods are included in fuzzy TOPSIS computations and the alternatives are evaluated. In this study, an evaluation of each alternative is performed from five aspects: information gathering and perception skill; 2) information memorization skill; 3) information handling skill; 4) information protection and security skill; 5) information presentation skill. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method.
Most reinforced concrete buildings sustain significant damage or completely collapse after an earthquake due to structural irregularities. In this study, a set of investigations were conducted on the discontinuity of the vertical elements in building structures, a topic that to date has only been minimally explored. The investigation was carried out using an SAP 2000 model of an average-story height building with reinforced concrete frame. For analysis, by removing columns selected from certain floor sand axes, a total of seven load-bearing system models were formed, along with the reference model. In cases of discontinuity of the vertical element appearing in the different models, the variation in the internal forces and decrease of rigidity were comparatively analyzed. Additionally, some of the investigations were conducted using the capacity curves obtained from the periods of models, displacement rates, and nonlinear pushover analysis. The consistency and reliability of requirements given for these kinds of irregularities in the regulations were analytically tested against the results obtained from the models created in the study. As a result of the analysis carried out, it was determined that the necessities specified in the Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC – 2007) for these kinds of constructions were safe.
We compute the degree of approximation of functions a new Banach space using $(T.E^1)$ summability means of conjugate series of Fourier series. In this paper, we extend the results of Singh and Mahajan [T. Singh and P. Mahajan, Error bound of periodic signals in the H\\\"{o}lder metric, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. Volume 2008 (2008), Article ID 495075, 9 pages] which in turn generalizes the result of Lal and Yadav [S. Lal and K. N. S. Yadav, On degree of approximation of function belonging to the Lipschitz class by $(C,1)(E,1)$ means of its Fourier series, Bull. Cal. Math. Soc. Vol. 93 (2001) 191 -196]. Some corollaries have also been deduced from our main theorem and particular cases.
In this paper a new non-linear companding transform (NCT) technique based on inverse hyperbolic cosine function is proposed and implemented along with Carrier Frequency Estimation (CFO) techniques in order to improve the performance of Multi Input and Multi Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system in terms of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). In this proposal, significant PAPR reduction and an improved bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved simultaneously, since the power distribution of the companded signal can be reallocated more reasonably while maintaining the average power level unchanged. An effective trade-off between the PAPR and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is achieved by introducing an inflection point and variable companding parameters in the companding function, such that it enables more design flexibility and freedom in companding form. As per theoretical study, a desired PAPR threshold can be achieved by proposing technique, since it introduces the companding distortion as small as possible with appropriate selection of the companding parameters and forms. Different CFO estimation techniques are implemented to mitigate ICI along with proposed methods to analyze the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems. The analytical expressions regarding the achievable PAPR reduction transform gain G, and signal attenuation factor are derived. Simulation results demonstrate the combination together substantially improves performance of the MIMO-OFDM system.