Gas flow sequentially moving through three zones (input z<0, internal heat release , and output ) of a cylindrical channel was considered. Analytical solutions taking into account the influence of heat source limitation in the axial direction and intensity of air flow in this direction on thermal balance were obtained.

In this paper presents a developed model for an optimum operation of a hybrid system of photovoltaic-pumped storage power plant in the power market environment that causes to provide a successful presentation condition in market environments for the producers of photovoltaic power. In the suggestive hybrid system of photovoltaic -pumped storage of this paper the modeling is done in two stages for the optimum presence in power market environment with the a most possible benefit. At first, the suggestive model is optimized regarding to uncertainty in the prediction of power price and producing the photovoltaic power, for presenting the suggestion of power to market, in order to gain the most benefit. At the second stage, the suggestive model is optimized regarding to uncertainty in producing photovoltaic power, in order to gain the most benefit and paying the least penalty for unbalancing in market for operation of the system. In this paper, the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) is used for optimization. At the end of a model example for applying the results of the proposed model will be examined and analyzes the results. Results show that the model is an appropriate method for the operation of this combined system in market environment.

Objective: To attempt to generate a theoretical model of contraceptive use through grounded theory methods.\nMethods: The research study was conducted through the grounded theory design. Interviews with 13 women and 11 men, field notes, and memos were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. The formulation of data was realized through individual, semi-structured interviews voice-recorded in 16 months between 2010 and 2012.\nResults: A three-stage process was defined with the core categories that describe the process of contraceptive use among women and men, namely “decision-making”, “using” and “continuing use”. “Decision-making on contraceptive use” is associated with the will of individuals to prevent pregnancy, relationship dynamics, the identification of the most appropriate method and the prominent belief system. Behaviors of “contraceptive use” are determined through the meaning attributed by the individual to the method concerned, the perception of satisfaction with the method and its side effects. “Continuing of contraceptive use” is explained by the intention to continue with the method and disuse-change factors in the core category.\nConclusions: Each stage of the process model developed as a result of the research study is influenced by a complex structure.

The common goal of all clustering algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks was to select a node called cluster-head which guarantees relationships between nodes. In this paper, we have presented a new clustering algorithm based on nodes weight and their relative mobility. In this algorithm, selection of a cluster-head is done during two stages. In the first stage, each node calculates its primary weight by using a new presented weighted function. In the second stage, each node calculates the final weight based on relative mobility in present and future. Finally, based on the final weight cluster-head is selected. The goal of this algorithm is to decrease the number of cluster forming, maintain stable clustering structure and maximize lifespan of mobile nodes in the system. In simulation, the proposed algorithm has been compared with WCA, MOBIC and the Lowest_ID algorithm. The results of simulation reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves the goals.

In this study, we used an experimental design to investigate the influence of the total draft, back draft, distance between the aprons and production roller pressure on the yarn quality in order to obtain optimum drafting conditions for polyester and viscose (P/V) blend yarns in ring spinning frame. We used polyester fibres (1.4 dtex × 38 mm long) and viscose fibres (1.6 dtex × 38 mm long) to spin a 20 Tex blend yarn of P (70%)/V (30%) blend ratio. When the back draft, adjustment of distance between of aprons and roller pressure is not reasonable, controlling and leading of the fibres is not sufficient for proper orientation of the fibres in the yarn structure to produce a high quality yarn. Experimental results and statistical analysis show that the best yarn quality will be obtained under drafting conditions of 38 total draft, 1.2 back draft, 2.8 mm distance between of aprons and maximum pressure of the production top roller.

Due to continuum of galaxies of various shapes there is gravitational bending of light. To study the bending of light it is necessary to know the gravitational potential of bodies of different shapes. The present paper is focused toward finding the gravitational potential of a uniform solid cylinder at any point outside the cylinder

Last few decades the low power computing and higher scale integration have been successfully achieved by conventional lithography-based VLSI technology. However, this trend confronts serious challenges due to fundamental physical limits of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology such as ultra-thin gate oxides, short channel effects, doping fluctuations at nanoscale regimes. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology has been extensively conceivable as one of the alternative, that gives not only the solution of CMOS technology at nanoscale, but also it offers a new method of computation and information transformation. This paper presents a novel representation of reversible gate in QCA. Those proposed circuit has a promising future in constructing of nanoscale low power consumption information processing system and can be stimulated higher digital applications in QCA.