In the present modern world almost all the industrial and developmental activities are defined in the framework of large and small projects and executed by relative organizations. These projects, due to their unique and complex nature, as well as instability and constant changes in underlying conditions, are inevitably confronted with some challenges and opportunities. These challenges and opportunities, so called Risks, should be managed in order to achieve successfully project purposes. Therefore, the effective execution of risk management in various organizations requires selecting the appropriate risk strategy for the project during the life cycle of the project management. Because the absence of an appropriate strategy in this case results in project failure to achieve predetermined purposes. The aim of doing the present study is to utilize the SWOT model for compiling the appropriate project risk strategy such that by the definition of related strategies to 17 different areas of the project management, in accordance to the cpm3 model, be able to recognize the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat related to each of these functional fields. Furthermore, in order to highlight the usefulness of the model for project’s managers and experts we implement the model to the Arfa Steel project of Fooladtechnic International Company.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of institutional ownership and market factors on IPO under pricing. In institution ownership variables industrial ownership, financial ownership and ex-anti uncertainty are included and in market variables over subscription, market sentiment and under writer’s reputation are considered. Cross sectional data from 2001 to 2012 is taken into account for 55 IPO firms in order to validate results. Multiple regressions were used to achieve study objectives. Findings revealed the fact that institutional ownership factors like industrial and financial ownership and market factors like over subscription and market sentiment are major predictors of the under-pricing in Pakistan. Ex-anti uncertainty and under writer’s reputation has no effect on under pricing for the current study. So, firms going to be public and perspective investors are major users of this study as they can take guidance for future investments. They can make sensible decisions for the future by using results of this study.

The use of shear studs is common to transfer longitudinal shear forces over the steel-concrete interface. In this research work, two finite element models of composite bridges are modeled using ANSYS/CivilFEM, one with shear studs and other without shear studs. Seismic analysis is performed to investigate the effect of shear studs on shear capacity of composite bridge. Shear studs are modeled as welded connection on the top flange of the I-Section steel girder and the heads of the shear studs are embedded in the solid concrete slab. For seismic analysis, the Time-History data of ElCentro 1940 and Kashmir (district Muzaffarabad) 2005 earthquake has been used. The contribution of shear studs is studied for the structure when jolted by the random forces of earthquake and the results are compared with the model without shear studs. These results expressed that the presence of studs increases the shear capacity of the joint between flange and the deck.

Due to the increased growth in pervasive applications and wide spread in our day-to-day life activities there occurs a requirement for event awareness to safeguard users being distributed. For these situations, the behaviour of the application depends on the sensed events in addition to internal state and communication between the users upon execution. The major roles are played by event and event awareness in pervasive for performing user choices on behalf of them. The paper proposes a model facilitating reusable event model based upon the ontology. It achieves event reasoning by giving structure for events, rules and their semantics. A multi-field platform usage model is created initially to obtain promising results.

European Union in several last decades have paid attention to specific instruments and funds development in order to give its contribution to harmonious popularization and development of rural tourism. One of the most important strategic aims of Serbian economic development is supporting of the villages’ sustainable development through rural economy diversification where rural tourism development has an important place. In spite of this model of tourism importance recognition as a possible way of rural areas development, Serbia is in an opening phase of it. Although there are several positive examples, it is significant that recent projects haven’t been established according to national and European development programs, but according to private initiatives of individuals and groups. This paper aim is to emphasise EU funds importance in touristic projects and rural tourism development projects investment, as well as cross border cooperation significance. Taking into consideration the importance of EU financial support in rural tourism development, the object of conducted research were analyses of touristic subjects in rural areas of Vojvodina information, interest and inclusion in projects invested by European Union funds

Human face detection and recognition play important roles in many applications such as biometric authentication, video face recognition at some public area and security check point, digital image archiving, etc. In this paper, we have developed an algorithm that can detect human faces from an image. We have taken skin colour as a tool for detection. \nThe proposed algorithm performance compared to the previous methods, such as Zahra, and Viola-Jones techniques. Numerical results underline the robustness of the presented approach for tested images of faces which have a specific complexion varying under certain range are shown. We have taken real life examples and simulated the algorithms in MATLAB successfully.

Problem solving layout and allocation of road infrastructure elements are unique but necessary for not only technical but also economic and operational. Difficulty of the optimization procedure is highlighted by the diversity of determining entry criteria. Methods for the layout of regional development are built mainly for solving the distribution character with such disregarding energy requirements built parking lots, toll booths and the like. For this purpose it is necessary to apply other analytical methods, e.g. multi-criteria decision making, which complicates the solution procedure and does not lead to satisfactory results and is also easily influenced by a particular solver thus judgment may also be biased. The aim of the new layout method, focusing on elements of the transport is to achieve the desired result in one comprehensive solution, yet degrade the shortcomings of existing methods and procedures.