The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the usage of Information Technology in Iranian sport organizations. The number 176 managers were selected randomly and answered to a researcher-made questionnaire. We confirmed that the refined factors we developed were valid and that they reliably measured Iranian IT usage scale. The results revealed that age, Job experiences, skills related internet and computer, Technical and English skills, environmental and economic factors affect the usage of IT significantly. The results of MONOVA did not demonstrate any significant difference between the mentioned subscales in sport organizations. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that all the considered subscales in the research are significant predictors for the usage of IT. According to results IT is considered as one of the most important indices of progress in Iranian sport organizations; therefore, making all suitable previsions for the usage of IT should be one of the chief priorities of the organization.

Movement to information society makes today the main trend in the world economic process. At the same time, the key issue of modern internet-economy is still remained undisclosed: how the ICT influence the economic growth of regions? Numerous attempts to solve this issue within the framework of traditional mathematical-statistical approaches (correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, etc.), do not give practically significant results. New opportunities to address this issue opens cognitive approach which is based on the ideas and methods of cognitive (qualitative) modeling actively developed in the theory of analysis and managing of complex problems of the modern world in recent years. The basic component of cognitive model is a cognitive map of the problem. This paper presents developed by us cognitive map of a special type (Rule-based Cognitive Map), oriented to solution of the issue of ICT impact on the region's economic performance. The map can be used to analyze a wide range of tasks arising in the process of addressing this issue: (a) identification of key factors of the regional informatization (RI) which can provide the economic growth; (b) an assessment of impact of ICT on indicators of economic growth of the region; (c) choosing of strategy of RI and etc. The conceptual framework of RBCM-map amounted phenomenological model the economic impact of ICT offered by analysts of Economist Intelligence Unit. At present time "the acting prototype" of the cognitive model of RI has been developed on the basis of RBCM-map. Experimental operation showed that the model can be used not only as the tool of an assessment of economic impact of ICT, but also as the tool of management of this impact.

The present study investigated the efficiency of the educational courses that have been included in the latest English Language Teacher Training Program (ELTTP) at universities in Turkey and run since the 2024 and 2025 educational year. The participants were 90 teacher trainees who were attending their last year in the Faculty of Education at Uludag University. Sources of data included a questionnaire by which teacher trainees were asked to rate each educational course that they have received, and interviews through which participants were asked to rate themselves about their sufficiency and competencies as prospective language teachers with relation to ELTTP and their personal qualities and characteristics. Results revealed that students benefited more from the English educational courses compared to the Turkish educational courses, and that the source of their competencies was their own personal qualities rather than the quality of the educational program. The present study speculated that the courses determined for the new foreign language teacher training programs needed more careful revision and restructuring if the intention is to graduate internationally eligible language teachers whose linguistic and pedagogical capabilities will meet the requirements of the rapidly changing world. The study ended with suggestions related to teacher training programs and the philosophies and approaches to ELT education.

Traditional architecture has been proportional with environmental and climatic conditions and has a special identity. This paper tries to introduce and study the elements and components of traditional architecture in the city. In this study, in addition to library method, the precise identification of the components of traditional architecture of the city’s climate has been done by field study method. In the present research, firstly, a definition of sustainable architecture and its principles and the purpose of sustainable design have been presented. Then, the properties of climate of Tabriz and also the effect of this climate on urban context, size, plan and orientations of its buildings have been studied. Finally, the strategies of traditional architecture in this city have been examined and analysed, and it is hoped that identification of these traditional strategies can create a useful ground for applying these strategies in new spaces.

In the Conventional postage stamp method it is assumed that the whole transmission system is used in wheeling, without considering any effect of emission on transmission system. In all around the world, the abrupt change in climate is one of the biggest issues of this era. The idea of emissions trading is a cost effective way of reducing emissions of pollutants and motivates the generators to generate more and more green energy and users to shift their purchase toward green energy generators. The possible threats induced by increasing average global temperatures have caused researchers to react, resulting in the modification of conventional methods. The aim of this modification is to reduce the emissions by the effective trading and also motivate the energy producers towards accepting green technologies. Two case studies based on an IEEE 14-bus system and IEEE 39-bus systems are used to analyze the proposed approach. The results show that the transmission charges based on the usage of technologies are reasonable and unbiased

There is no doubt that survival in the field of world competition requires improvement of the performance in all the fields including desirable and effective execution of the projects in a risky environment. Therefore, the necessity for applying project risk management accompanied by a tool which has been used in all the processes for project risk management and help the project management for continuous assessment of its operation is felt .nowadays the most important and dominant discussion for equipping the project management for using this tool is strategic management discussion. Many methods exists for executing strategic management. Balanced score card is one of the most important of these methods. Thus the main purpose of this research is presenting a method for assessing the project performance with consideration of the risk management based on the framwork of balanced score card. In this research using the combination of the two concepts of balanced score card and project risk management and applying the ANP method, the purposes and risky indices were prioritized using the experts’ views. This work was executed in Fouladtechnic Project-Based Organization and on the engineering, designing project for Abarkuh Foolad. The results indicated that the shareholder value aspect ( financial) is the most important aspect between the four aspects of score card that shall be specially attention .By the aid of this method we can provide a framework for determining the purposes and plans and for evaluating and assessing the project performance with consideration of the project risk